Hurricane Katrina The Justice System in Peril free essay sample

While cost center around the monetary effect and loss of life, other nightmarish issues like law requirement and the breakdown of the Justice framework are regularly neglected. Strain opened a window of catastrophe and disarray that made for common wrongdoing episodes all through the influenced territories. In circumstances Like Strain, immense quantities of law authorization and crisis administration staff are extend up until now and totally occupied with salvage tasks that they can't effectively uphold the law and intermittently there would be no ramification for crime.In turn, legitimate wrongdoing battling and resulting arraignments were in hazard, as Hurricane Strain backed away the New Orleans criminal Justice framework (Garrett and Tallow, 2006, p. 127). The issue being talked about is a significant Issue where unpreserved was uncovered by Strain. The tempest disturbed the schedules of law requirement offices endeavor to examine the harm brought about by law authorizations powerlessness to do their obligations appropriately and the ensuing adjustments to the countrys Justice framework and guidelines that may give help to those regions on account of a cataclysmic event. The Collapse of the Criminal Justice System Law implementation was crushed by Strain as most officials became casualties or even hoodlums themselves. Offices and vehicles had been washed away while numerous faculty neglected to appear for work making labor deficiencies. Order and control and correspondences were missing as the city hall leader of New Orleans wasnt ready to speak with nearby experts for at any rate 48 hours. Townsend (2006) portrayed how coordination for reaction was about unimaginable as there was no correspondence arrange set up; People couldn't communicate.It arrived at the point that individuals were truly composing messages on paper, placing them in bottles and dropping them from helicopters to others on the ground (Louisiana State Senator Robert Abraham). Obviously neighborhood law implementation needed to react to a circumstance which needed support that surpassed well past their abilities. Passage (2010) talks about the impacts of the wrongdoing flare-up on the city of New Orleans public activity and the dangers to specific gatherings of individuals, as one can barely consider every single influenced resident and lawbreakers that exploited an awful situation.Citizens of New Orleans could just reserve and watch as a criminal w ave began to suffocate their city alongside the flood. Portage (2010) clarifies that there were fears of disorder and political agitation in the city. Subsequently, individuals ready to vent their vexation on racial minorities shot to mislead their kindred residents in the days going before the tempest unafraid of result because of the current strife. (Header-Marker, Telepathy, and Berlin, 2007). Additionally rose the open door for packs and cartels to spin out of control through the lanes of New Orleans, altogether raising the degree of killings, burglaries, and obliteration in the city.The absence of law authorization likewise affected help for the storm casualties. As accounts of burglary and plundering turned out to be increasingly more misrepresented in the media, the conveyance work force got threatened by the wrongdoing assuming control over the city. It at that point got vital for law requirement to focus on it to make checkpoints and security for conveyances. The court framework in New Orleans was enormously affected in the wake of Strain as no emergency course of action was set up. Lost records and responsibility during clearings were among the numerous difficulties the Justice framework was confronted with. With the wrongdoing flare-up that happened because of the reasons voiced before, there were two rushes of crime that made a build-up of indictments. The primary wave was at that point kept in care and imprisons and had their preliminaries drawing closer. Because of Hurricane Strain, the as of now kept had their cases delayed because of other, more prominent law infringement and annihilated offices (Garrett and Tallow, 2006).These more prominent law violators were the second wave who neglected to get away from law authorization during the debacle. Therefore, the court framework needed to lead a few times a greater number of preliminaries than it for the most part did in a similar timeframe as wrongdoing duplicated during the tempest. In this way, increasingly new wrongdoing cases showed up each day as more established ones were tackled, adding to the Justice framework Jam. As indicated by Garrett and Tallow (2006), this hold-up existed for a considerable length of time after the storm struck.Critical Measures in New Orleans through the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (MAC) were important to reestablish peace. There was additionally a request from the White House to determine squeezing criminal issues in New Orleans with the assistance of specific military powers (Donahue, 2008). Well-trained military and National Guard work force were imperative to security endeavors in addition to other things and permitted peace to be reestablished to a degree as these faculty alleviated neighborhood law requirement of search and salvage missions.Nevertheless, the utilization of power was restricted to circumstances where it was totally important to finish specific activities or to determine outfitted clashes. The utilization of military power turned into a cushion measure for the Justice frameworks failure to manage the wrongdoing inside the city in a basic circumstance. The beneficial outcomes of the military contribution would later be considered as a feasible answer for future emergencies and ought to be marked as a normal measure for forestalling common wrongdoing and plundering. Donahue (2008) contends that settling the circumstance after Hurricane Strain had scattered was exceptionally troublesome in light of the fact that there were unlimited quantities of New Orleans authorities, administrative law implementation offices, nongovernmental associations (Nags) and legislative help organizations, each with abilities and restrictions of their own and with self-sufficient designs for post-Strain alleviation (p. 53). Accordingly, law authorization offices were overpowered with other contending offices ready to add to the post-typhoon help in the city.However, it was up to the nearby government and law implementation offices to facilitate the tasks of this huge number of included associations. Obviously that some of them were a greater bother for the significant gatherings than help for the city. Deportee (2006) bolsters that the conveyance of duty between various administrative and non-legislative bodies preceding and after the typhoon brings unrest into the cir cumstance and keeps a proficient response from either body.Therefore, an extreme choice ought to be made on the top degree of government administration either dole out specific undertakings to singular organizations and request obligation and exact reports or spend enough assets to guarantee appropriate correspondence and coordination gadgets and approaches for the included offices. Exercises Learned and New Developments in Legislation The whole experience of the fiasco was an exercise learned on the grounds that the degree of unpreserved was shocking. A possible explanation The National Strategy for Homeland Security was reconsidered in 2007 after Hurricane Strain to incorporate duties regarding normal disasters.Politicians and networks keep on shuffling what the need for law implementation ought to be during a disastrous occasion. There ought to be an expanded accentuation on MAC, emptying their urban communities, building up order and control, correspondence frameworks to take into account dispatch, and stores of provisions ought to be accessible (generators, food, water, and so on . A quick military and National Guard nearness should turn into a normal practice to help with labor issues and security. A large number of the law requirement offices in the influenced urban areas didn't have dynamic tropical storm reaction plans. On the off chance that they did it never left the rack as preparing and activities passed by the wayside. All things considered, the preparation routine of these offices should be updated at the nearby, state, territorial, and government levels so as to be set up to give a legitimate reaction to debacles. In the repercussions assess their endeavors in conveying Justice during a calamity. Fast preliminaries are a rumoring arrangement that jelly fundamental social liberties of the indicted and can forestall future Justice framework Jams that would stay an issue numerous months after the real fiasco (Lard, 2007).Nevertheless, it appears that the legislature is increasingly worried about different parts of the issue, as they grow new strategies to react to a cataclysmic event, leaving law requirement and the Justice framework to flop once more. End In 2005, Hurricane Strain turned into the encapsulation of the United States unpreserved to cataclysmic events of its scale. It left numerous social, financial, and policy centered issues in n bothered state and called forward new ones. In spite of the way that law authorization offices had a few considerable exercises from history on how rebuffing unpreserved can be, they neglected to learn them and put this information to rehearse.

Chronic physical health problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Constant physical medical issue - Essay Example The significant contemplations in essential avoidance of medical issues incorporate applying endeavors to forestall sicknesses before they happen and appropriation of measures to shield ourselves as well as other people from unhygienic way of life. Nursing people group can be engaged with essential counteraction by bringing issues to light among the patients about sound way of life and reinforcing their capacities to adapt to physical and natural burdens. Auxiliary avoidance spins around identifying early manifestations, finding a way to abbreviate the neurotic procedure, and reestablishing the ordinary patient’s typical condition of life. Nursing people group can engage in this by being dependable enough to keep the record of all the research facility examinations with the goal that early side effects could be distinguished. Tertiary period of avoidance is fundamentally founded on putting forth attempts to raise the working degree of patients once the malady goes into irrever sible stage. Nursing staff can assume its job here by using the clinical information so mindfulness could be raised among patients about how they can keep up their way of life inside the limitations of the inability (Lundy and Janes, 2009, p.

Industrial Relations And Labour Studies Architecture Essay

The Penan is a portable local that meandered on the place that is known for Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang and some different parts on Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan. They are an incredibly developed raunchy society and little sexual orientation division. Man and grown-up females shared to a great extent the occupations among them. For example, earning the woodland stock and separated sago from the sago thenar. Be that as it may, they are still some bit of employments was male overwhelmed. For representation, chasing. The Penan rehearsed the custom of ‘Molong ‘ which implies ‘never return more than should be expected ‘ . That had made them the tracker gatherers. Only one out of every odd of the Penans are portable tracker gatherers. The present Penans are comprised with settled, semi-roaming and whole portable networks that to the full dependent to the wood stocks. Presents, the figure of Penan had formally expressed surmised to 10,000 individuals and around 350-500 of them are portable that dispersed over Ulu Baram, Limbang, Tutoh and Lawas of Sarawak. Ordinarily the portable Penan moves in bunch that comprised around 40 individuals included children and elderly individuals. They do non remained for a long clasp in an impossible to miss topographic point. When the assets at the topographic point that they remained got less, they will take other fit topographic focuses and moved again. ( Figures retrievedfrom:hypertext move convention:/www.survival-international.org) I need to contract down the range to the gathering of versatile Penan that I would wish to examine roughly. The portable individuals that lived in the backwoods depend much on their conventional eating routine Sago ( amylum from the Sago thenar ) . As the Penan individuals esteemed the earth so a lot, just the developed and to the full grown-up sago thenar trees will be chopped down. The pioneer will do certain a total of sago treated bounty from an individual or a couple of sago thenar trees and kept enough for their flexibly. After that no more sago thenar will be cleave down until they are came up short on supplement. Other than that, the Penan other than goes after meat. Also, the protein bring about their everyday eating routine was contributed by to a great extent wild Sus scrofas, mouse cervid and monkeys. The huntsmans Hunt by using a blowtube, made with the Belian wood and cut out with a bone drill. The darts that they utilized are produced using the sago thenar ‘s tre e husk and on its tip ; the Penan plunged it with kind of amazing toxicant latex that extricated from a tree from the wood. In any case, their way of life is going to modify because of the power per unit regions that constrained them to suit the development of seting and household quicken being genteelness.Issue to lift:As the Real GDP ( net local creation ) developing in Malaysia since the twelvemonth of 1999 to 2007 had improved in incredible per centum, Malaysia specialists had put a tonss of manages on the wood business in Sarawak domain. Sarawak was honored with tonss of important trees. The specialists puts a solid highlight on the handling lumber that can augment the nearby overall gains. It is accept fundamental to keep up with the enormous interest from Japan, India and the Far East states. Incidentally, logging appears to pass on extraordinary gifts to the state, in Sarawak it devastates army of sago thenar and devouring a colossal nation of downpour timberland that the Penan individuals lived in. Ill-conceived logging trails had caused the issues of Earth dissolving, avalanches and the silting of conduits occurred. The situation had influenced the practical connection among the Penan and the wood. When the enormous trees were expelled, in the blink of an eye the optional shaggy backwoods will assume control over the exposed wood bed. Meat gets hard to track and organic products that used to be huge go less rich. The Penan is holding inconveniences in roll uping and runing their supplement. Opposition from both the settled and wanderers were savage. The specialists confronted a troublesome clasp from those locals. The Sarawak specialists had much of the time expressed to pass on upon the issue and vowed to offer improvement to the Penan. Pretty much all migrants Penan go facing with logging and it happened to be massive spread of swearing and comprehension between the specialists and the Penan. The specialists confused for what reason would anybody want such a great amount to populate in the wilderness and trusting astutely the Penan will wakes up. On the different manus, the Penan had lost confidence in their specialists as an ever increasing number of pieces of machinery passed through their timberland. In their position, logging just pass on them calamities and they will lose everything in the event that they move a measure rearward from their base on securing the woodland. Likewise, at a similar clasp they see the unblemished woods been tear down, holding their areas misshaped into oil thenar and acacia estates is a catastrophe. At any rate, as now the Penan had gone over the activity, they have a pick to do. Will they stand solidified on their standard and permit the obstruction of deforestation proceeded or just acknowledge what the specialists had offered and worked couple to prevail cultural concordance and harmony? Would they be able to oppose the Penan culture to change? Clearly it is a troublesome assurance to do, there are too much numerous important things will hold to forgo lastly became memory. Fitting to Bilton T, Bonnet K and the bookmans,the assorted variety and changeableness of cultural developments are a middle subject, together with the divulgence that human activity can rework cultural dealingss and foundations ; it uncovers the human power for discharge and originative cultural Reconstruction. ( Introductory Sociology: second release, Bilton T, Bonnet K, Jones P, Stanworth M, Sheard K and Webster A. 1987. Mackays of Chatham PLC, Kent ) Fitting to the announcement above, cultural modifications that happened to the Penan people was because of the ground of rephrasing and backtracking into a wide and originative society. However, the point that I need to reason here is-Does the people need to modify? Considered upon the inspiration that they battle about their privileges on the land and the woods, I unequivocally questioned their ability in modifying their cultural idea and their cultural life. There was a reason that constrained them to go out from the wilderness ; there was a reason to require them to surrender their inclination root. What's more, it is our obligation to uncover the mystery. Social modification was characterized as the clasp when outside occasions occurred, for example, war and vanquishing and development contact and dispersion, or natural components or inner occasions, for example, creations, advancement and populace relocations blending to Barbara Marliene S. and A ; Mary Ann A. Schwartz ( 2006 ) In this purpose of position, the general public of Penan changed when advancement and riches meddled. Some of them acknowledged it and follow another life way yet some opposed it and ready to pay any money related an incentive to barrier their existent life. However, this dissemination, the spread of progress characteristics starting with one society then onto the next, is the unavoidable outcome of contact between civic establishments. With present day conveying engineerings making into the most far off corners of the Earth, the pace of dispersion has quickened drastically since the twist of the twentieth century. ( Sociology: Making feeling of the cultural universe, second version, Barbara Marliene Scott and A ; Mary Ann A. Schwartz. 2006, Allyn and Bacon Pearson. ) The cultural modification of the Penan society was happened as a result of the human progress contact and dissemination fitting to the announcement above. At the point when the human advancement of new financial sprout and the up raise national salary because of timber businesses disperse to the land Sarawak, the regions of the Penan people was the central district to be influenced. For outline, large graduated table of logging activity infringe their property doing them to suffer under the contaminations. Their H2O catchment nations were contaminated with residue replacing, numerous sago thenars were lost ; wild Sus scrofa, cervid and other game turned out to be rare, the natural product trees and clinical claim to fame purposed herb were hard to occur. Along these lines, their epinephrine set them up to fight or flight. The outcome of cultural adjustment among the Penan is remaining negative in footings of the specialists position. The Penan decided to battle. For delineation, numerous circles were set up in exertion to stop logging procedure on their property. Shockingly, the endeavors were hard to ship on and the situation turns terrible with tremendous graduated table of clanks between the autochthonal network and the region bolstered logging organization. For outline, SamLing Corporation, lead by CEO Yew Chee Ming, COO James Ho Yam Kong. In relationship with the legit principle clergyman ‘s benefit organization known as STIDC. The Malayan Timber Certificate Council ( MTCC ) had conceded the organizations with a logging award. It is normal that they have the ability to log even on the land that generally possessed by the locals of Sarawak. Aside from the beginning human progress dispersion, the cultural adjustment that occurred among the Penan was because of the reason for segment inclinations. That is to express every birth, expire, and relocation rates can affect the size and making out of a populace, which in twist, can hold a significant effect on a society.Barbara Marliene Scott& A ; Mary Ann A. Schwartz ( 2006 ) .For representation, scarceness of supplement and spoil of condition. Presents, the Penan is covering with the specific occupations that I have expressed previously. Their supplement gets hard to accomplish and the occupied condition was tainted. These sorts of situation makes their life in the wilderness gets intense and disquiet. On the different manus, the part in the gathering is continue reducing because of movement. Movement alludes to the movement of individuals into or out of a topographical nation ( Barbara S and A ; Mary A, 2006 ) . This is to state, numerous kid who experienced childhood in the versatile gathering decide to go out from the network and went to the existence way in the city. The birth rate in the gathering become

James Updikes A&P Essay - 275 Words

James Updikes A&P (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateJames Updikeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s APThe story in AP takes place in a grocery store where three young women go shopping but they are dressed for the beach which is inappropriate for the grocery store. The grocerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s clerk, Sammy notices this but he is too preoccupied admiring the young women that he develops a liking for them and does not complain about the way they are dressed.Sammy feels frustrated with his job because his manager dismisses the three young ladies telling that that they next time they go shopping dressed for the beach they should at least cover their shoulders.The girls represent the wrong decisions that people sometimes make in life because of the thin line between what they consider right and wrong or good and bad. Because of their dressing, the girls look appealing to Sammy that he forgets that the grocery store is a public place that is frequented by families and kids. He fails to see the inappropriate nature of their dressi ng and falls for their attractive bodies.In the same way, most people find their selves getting attracted to things that are considered wrong or inappropriate as there are deceived by the attractive nature of such things. An example is people who take bribes espec...

List of Platinum Group Metals or PGMs

The platinum group metals or PGMs are a set of six transition metals that share similar properties. They may be considered a subset of the precious metals. The platinum group metals are clustered together on the periodic table, plus these metals tend to be found together in minerals. The list of PGMs is: Iridium  (Ir)Osmium  (Os)Palladium  (Pd)Platinum  (Pt)Rhodium  (Rh)Ruthenium  (Ru) Alternate Names: The platinum group metals are also known as: PGMs, platinum group, platinum metals, platinoids, platinum group elements or PGEs, platinides, platidises, platinum family Key Takeaways: Platinum Group Metals The platinum group metals or PGMs are a set of six precious metals that are clustered together on the periodic table around the element platinum.The elements share certain desirable properties with platinum. All are noble metals and transition metals in the d-block of the periodic table.The platinum group metals are widely used as catalysts, corrosion-resistant materials, and fine jewelry. Properties of the Platinum Group Metals The six PGMs share similar properties, including: Extremely high density (densest element is a PGM)Highly resistant to wear or tarnishResist corrosion or chemical attackCatalytic propertiesStable electrical propertiesStable at high temperatures Uses of PGMs Several of the platinum group metals are used in jewelry. In particular, platinum, rhodium, and iridium are popular. Because of the price of these metals, they are often used as coatings over softer, more reactive metals, such as silver.PGMs are important catalysts. Platinum catalysts are important in the petrochemical industry. Platinum or platinum-rhodium alloy are used to catalyze partial oxidation of ammonia to produce nitric oxide, an important raw material in chemical production. PGMS are also used as catalysts for organic chemical reactions. The automotive industry uses platinum, palladium, and rhodium in catalytic converters to treat exhaust emissions.Platinum group metals are used as alloying additives.PGMs may be used to make crucibles used to grow single crystals, particularly of oxides.Platinum group metal alloys are used to make electrical contacts, electrodes, thermocouples, and circuits.Iridium and platinum are used in medical implants and pacemakers. Sources of Platinum Group Metals Platinum gets its name from platina, meaning little silver, because the Spaniards considered it an unwanted impurity in silver mining operations in Colombia. For the most part, PGMs are found together in ores. Ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks contain high levels of platinum group metals, the granites contain a low percentage of the metals. The richest deposits include mafic layered intrusions, such as Bushveld Complex. Platinum metals are found in the Ural Mountains, North and South America, Ontario, and other places. Platinum metals are also produced as a by-product of nickel mining and processing. Additionally, the light platinum group metals (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium) form as fission products in nuclear reactors. Extraction Platinum metal extraction processes are typically trade secrets. First, the sample is dissolved in acid. Aqua regia is most often used for this purpose. This produces a solution of metal complexes. Basically, isolation uses the different solubilities and reactivities of the different elements in various solvents. While recovering noble metals from reactors is expensive, the escalating price of the metals has made spent nuclear fuel a viable source of the elements. History Platinum and its alloys occur in native form and were known by pre-Columbian Americans. Despite its early use, platinum does not appear in literature until the 16th century. In 1557, Italian Julius Caesar Scalinger wrote of a mysterious metal found in Central America that was unknown to Europeans. Fun Fact Iron, nickel, and cobalt are three transition metals located above the platinum group metals on the periodic table. They are the only transition metals that are ferromagnetic! Sources Kolarik, Zdenek; Renard, Edouard V. (2005). Potential Applications of Fission Platinoids in Industry. Platinum Metals Review. 49 (2): 79. doi:10.1595/147106705X35263Renner, H.; Schlamp, G.; Kleinwà ¤chter, I.; Drost, E.; Là ¼schow, H. M.; Tews, P.; Panster, P.; Diehl, M.; et al. (2002). Platinum group metals and compounds. Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_075Weeks, M. E. (1968). Discovery of the Elements (7 ed.). Journal of Chemical Education. pp. 385–407. ISBN 0-8486-8579-2.Woods, Ian (2004). The Elements: Platinum. Benchmark Books. ISBN 978-0-7614-1550-3.Xiao, Z.; Laplante, A. R. (2004). Characterizing and recovering the platinum group minerals—a review. Minerals Engineering. 17 (9–10): 961–979. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2004.04.001

The Immorality Of Having Children By Stuart Rachels

The paper, â€Å"The Immorality of Having Children†, by Stuart Rachels provides insight as to why it is wrong to raise children by supporting the Famine Relief Argument. Rachels argues that the cost of raising a child today, over two-hundred thousand, is so staggering that it would be better spent on donations towards famine relief projects. Throughout the paper, Rachels provides substantial arguments that emphasize the point that having children is the biggest decision that someone will ever make in their life rather than what to believe or whether to get married, and the decision should not be taken lightly. All the arguments presented are persuasive, but the argument is flawed overall because it never takes into account the importance of†¦show more content†¦Rather, Rachels opposes both the idea parenthood as well as accusing parents of their misjudgments.(Rachels, 572) This shows the awareness that Rachels has in objectively challenging the current stance that cou ples must have a child together. Altogether, Rachels has provided a strong paper that initially seems very convincing, but when taking a deeper look, one finds that there are several flaws in his argument. One of the major opponents to Rachels argument is Peter Singer. Singer writes about how it seems unfair for somebody to donate more than another person who may be in a similar situation. (Singer, 233) For example, if someone was considering having a child and were financially secure enough to provide for the child, Rachels would argue that the money they would spend on the child would be better used if it were donated to the famine relief charities. On the other hand, if an individual or couple were not planning on having a child, but rather wanted to not have children, they too would be required to give the same amount of money to the famine relief charities, but why would they be required to give the money away if they were not planning on having a child? So the initial ly strong argument provided by Rachels is weakened because there was little to no consideration given towards the population who may not want to have children.

The Awakening Essay Research Paper The central free essay sample

The Awakening Essay, Research Paper The cardinal narration of Kate Chopin? s novel The Awakening can be said to concern Edna Pontellier? s battle to specify herself as an active topic, and to discontinue to be simply the inactive object of forces beyond her control. But the precise nature of this battle, every bit good as its emotional and psychological dimensions, is less easy articulated. One textual opposite number to this complexness is the on-going interplay between active and inactive voice which analogues, and non infrequently undermines, the open narrative. The relationship between formal grammatical forms and obvious narrative significance shapes our apprehension of Edna? s altering consciousness and serves as an index to its alterations. The verb? awaken, ? from which the novels rubric and cardinal metaphor derive, officially complicates in a similar manner the active and inactive elements of Edna? s experience. The first portion of the book establishes contradiction and dichotomies presumptively to parallel what the narrative Tells about Edna. We will write a custom essay sample on The Awakening Essay Research Paper The central or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She is continually baffled by her behaviour and feelings, and fluctuates between evident ego cognition and evident ego misrepresentation. Her perceptio Ns are hedged in modals and conditional constructions, negatives, and comparative clauses. Any sense of steering consciousness is undercut by verbal signals of uncertainty and vacillation. The caged birds that open the fresh set up instantly the sense of constrained potency that marks the first chapters. When Edna does see her first? breath of freedom? it is compared to wine and being rummy, images of delusory euphory that suggest merely an illusive loss of restraint. Edna? s complicated life falls off the dark Edna learns to swim, an event that is a exultant jubilation of the integrity of emotion and will. The eventide begins with the household amusements at which Mademoiselle Reisz is asked to play the piano. Edna? s out of the blue passionate response to the music transcends the solid domestic ambiance of the eventide. To her ain amazement the heathen and poetic images are absent and in their topographic point? the really passions Chopin, Kate. The Awakening: Complete, Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History, and Essaies from Five Contemporary Theoretical Critical Perspectives. Ed. Nancy A. Walker. Boston: St. Martin # 8217 ; s Press, 1993.

Western colonialism Essay Example

Western colonialism Essay A lot of negative effects caused by Western colonialism and capitalism in the third world countries that have contributed to their current political and economic crises have been discussed; however, the main objective of this presentation is to discuss the progressive role played by Western colonialism and capitalism in the third world countries when contrasted with pre-colonial period and where they were left by their colonial masters to present date. Colonialism Colonialism refers to as a system whereby a state holds sovereignty over territory and people who are outside its own boundaries. It assumes the right of one people to impose their will to others. Between nineteenth and twentieth centuries, most rich and powerful states in the European countries such as Britain did own third world colonies. Up-to-date, the legitimacy of colonialism by European countries to these third world countries has elicited a heated debate in political arena and among the moral philosophers all over the world. Colonialism is not a new phenomenon. In the past society used to expand to immediate territories and settling it own natives on the newly conquered land. Such example includes the ancient Greeks, Romans and Ottomans to mention but a few. We will write a custom essay sample on Western colonialism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Western colonialism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Western colonialism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But it is evident that colonialism was not static but evolving due to technological advancements particularly in navigation that enabled connecting to the remotest parts of the world. Invention of the fast sailing ships facilitated reaching the distant ports in other side of the world while managing to maintain closer ties between the mother land of the master colonialism and their colonial territories. Therefore, the modern European colonialism materialized when it was possible to move large number of people across the ocean and maintain political sovereignty regardless of geographical scatteredness. Many political theorists have troubled themselves in attempt to reconcile ideas about the justice and law with the practice with which European ruled over the third world countries. In nineteenth century, conflict emerged that made tension to build up between the proponents of liberal thought and colonial practice. Many of political philosophers stood to defend the principles of attainments of universalism and equity while on the other hand they were antagonistic in bid to legitimize colonialism and imperialism. They reconciled this controversy with idea that, there was a need for ‘civilization mission’ which was to be for temporal period of what they called political dependence that was vital so that to make ‘uncivilized’ societies to advance in a state of achieving sustainable liberal institutions and self government. Capitalism Capitalism refers to European practices that not only include social practices that are easily practiced over geographical and historical distances but also encompass the ‘way of thinking’. The term capitalist has been widely used in the Marxist theory which refers to means of production that are on the hands of a few and operated for   making   profit and that the benefits realized from the production belong to the owners of the means of production. Mercantilism was the earliest form of capitalist in the olden days that originated in the Middle East, Rome and also existed during early Middle Age. It involved distribution of goods in the transactions in such way that there is profit making. In this situation, goods were bought from one place and move to another site to be sold at relatively higher prices. Beside Romans, Arabic cultures were also known of mercantilism. They had a long history on their trade routes in their major empires. Medieval Europeans learnt learned about this type of economy from their Islamic neighbors as it has been noticed in large number of economic terms found in European languages some which are derivatives from Arabic. Gradually, mercantilism in Europe evolved into economic practices that were eventually referred to as capitalism. Capitalism employs the same principle as mercantilism that involves large scale profit realization by acquisition of goods at lower price than selling them at a profit.   Capitalism is characterized by several features. First, there is accumulation of means of the production such as materials, land and tools by minority of people. This property accumulation is referred to as capital and the owners of these means of production are known as capitalists. The second characteristic of capitalism is productive labor. Human work is of great importance because it facilitates the production of goods and their distribution. This happens in form of the wage labor. The striking aspects of wage labor here is that it is not invested in the product and it is considered to be efficient in terms of productivity. Capitalism boosts individual productivity by means of division of labor whereby productive labor is divided into smallest components possible. In capitalism, the means of production and labor is manipulated by the capitalist by use of rational circulation to gain profit. On the other hand, capitalism as a way of thinking is basically individualistic. This is true because it focuses on capitalist endeavor. This bring out the Enlightenment concepts of individuality in that all the individuals are not the same; the society is composed of individual in pursuit of their own interest and that they should be free to peruse their own interests, that is ,economic freedom. Also, this concept advocates for democratic sense in that individuals perusing their own interests can guarantee the interests of the whole society. Therefore, Enlightenment idea of progress is grounded on the fact that the large-scale social goal of unregulated capitalism can produce wealth and make the national economy wealthier and more affluent than it would otherwise have not been. So, essentially, capitalism as a way of thinking is built on the concept of economic growth (Friedman Friedman, pp5). While this may be true, capitalism has been having a close link with adverse effects of human inequality and valorization that has characterized exploitation of one or more groups by others. It has been argued that capitalist relations evoke alienation of workers from the products they make. This makes both commodities and the workers circulating commodities that circulate in the expanding market. When the laborers are considered to be interchangeable, it becomes the interest of the capitalist to give workers low wage or no wage at all. By doing this, capitalists are able to create surplus of money from their capital invested meanwhile their commodities circulate in the market. Because human beings were one of the vital commodities for success in early capitalism, enslaved workers could be shipped between the colonial territories to the help in monocropping on the large plantations. Presently, capitalist is usually understood to be a mean of system whereby the allocation of resources is by dictates of mechanism of the markets that are driven by profit motive. The advantages of the capitalism are that the government does not interfere   with the business because there is limited control over it   and that people have choice on what they want to do and where. Also, people are at liberty to do what they want with their money. However, this mode of economy has negative outcomes. Because the government is required to liberalize the market it has limited control over it and this can make few businesses to take monopoly which may lead to inefficiencies.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to this, capitalism only reward those who are fortunate to have natural scare abilities and not necessarily as result of hard work and this lead to huge inequities in income and wealth. The Progressive role of Western colonialism and capitalism in Third world Even though colonialism and capitalism had its own shortcomings, nevertheless, there is also a positive effect on balance we can talk about. Before colonialism, Africa only knew of socialism which was widely practiced among different communities.   Socialism is a system that advocates for collective ownership and management of the means of production and distribution of goods. It is the opposite of capitalism which is a system hereby economy is based on private ownership of the means of production and personal profit can be realized through capital investment and employment of labor. Colonialism brought a new idea to Africa that the material progress and prosperity were possible for the masses of people. Africans in pre-colonial period did not imagine that could ever happen. They assumed that the material possessions they had were fixed. They believed in such things like plenty of the harvest could result to increase of food in the basket but the idea that living conditions could be changed was strange to them. They did not have a clue of the prospect that instead of trekking for miles in search of water it was possible to have piped water homes. Colonialism brought idea of progress in humanity. They enabled them to realize that people have capability to improve their condition of existence and that tomorrow could be much better that today (Ondeng, pp 26). Development of Infrastructure When colonialism stepped into sub-Saharan Africa three main objectives were the driving force. First objective was to meet the increasing demand of the raw materials for their industries. Second objective was to be able to secure areas and their territories that could form the market for their industrial goods produced by the capitalisms as it was are of industrial evolution. The last objective was that, they wanted to identify and dominate certain strategic areas that would be their future potential region for their investments. Therefore, as it can be seen, the main aim of capitalism expansion through colonialism was purely economic. But it was first necessary through political process of colonialism to create colonial territories to be able to achieve economic goals. Establishment of colonial territories was immediately followed by setting out diversified changes that included both social and economic among subdued societies in order to fulfill economic targets. This called for breaking down the already existed social and political system which resulted in replacement of traditional chiefdoms and kingdoms by Western European political system and consolidation of colonial state. Greater portions of fertile lands were given to settler farmers who produced non-agricultural raw materials for western industries. In order to make this kind of economy efficient, there was a dire need to establish   communication infrastructure such roads, railway lines and ports so that there can be a linkage between hinterland and coastal to facilitate securing resources and human labor. In such regions only footpaths did exist that were used by human porters and animal. Most of the roads and railway network seen today in many parts of African countries speaks of a positive legacy from Western colonialism and capitalist in Africa and other third world countries. A good example of such country is Nigeria. In pre-colonial period, transport systems were limited to porterage over the land that was only utilized by animal and humans and small boats in waterways that are in southern and central Nigeria. In states of Nigeria, there were extensive trade routes in its territories which also facilitated movement of goods across the deserts to trade with North Africa and extended to the coast that involved trade with European. The roads were maintained by local leaders using hired labor or conscripted locals on the basis of the age. During this period the basic means of transport were pack animals and human porters. When British claimed Nigeria to be its colony, is started building transport network that would make efficient its ruling over this territory and make easier utilization of the resources in the region. It started with construction of the roads which was later followed by railway lines construction. This facilitated movement of good and people from one place to another as the need demanded which was critical as it helped to maintain strong economic and political ties within its territory. Since Nigeria gained independence there has been little in building new infrastructure network apart from what was established by their colonial master. This has   been so because the Civilian governments had experiencing budgetary deficit and their priorities were to maintain regional   divisions rather than improving transportation network and building better one in accordance modern world technology. However, while some few military governments were interested in development of better transport system, this turned to be a day dream. Therefore, post-colonial transport systems currently existing are just minimal maintenance of the infrastructure which their colonial master had set. This is a clear indication of the progressive role the Western colonialism and capitalism did play in Nigeria before they had left (Husher, para. 4-9). Suppression of barbaric practices Colonialism brought enlightenment in Africa.   During pre-colonial period some African countries cannibalism and pagan worship was common practices. Practices such as cannibalism were usually restricted to specific regions particularly in West Africa. Such practices were not necessarily driven by craves for human flesh but were basically for rituals and sacrifices.   The belief behind these practices of man eating were to receive imbibe magic strength that was considered to be transferred by through soul material. This soul material was particularly identified by certain body part of the victim particularly the head. In the community that practiced such behavior they had a belief that if a young man ate the elder, such individual could get wisdom or if it was an elder who ate a young victim this could have added vigor. African had a strong attachment with the dead. In fact, cannibalism in Africa was part of religious act that consisted of complex rules that actually prescribed who should partake of the human flesh and who is supposed to be eaten and also clearly spelt out which part were to be eaten. It also described what parts of the victim’s body were to be kept as part of relics. There were other instances where medicines were made out of the human flesh. For instance, in Leopard societies in Sierra Leone, they used human entails to make certain kind of medicines. When the Sierra Leone became a British colony, the first thing they did was to bring to an end this practice. First, the British investigated what was happening in the jungle. When it had a breakthrough in its investigations to address this extraordinary killing of human beings, it passed a bill which was called ‘The Leopard Ordonance’. This outlawed any possession of a leopard skin that were usually worn by these people who practiced these rituals, a three- pronged knife and a special native medicine called Borfina that constituted a concoction of human flesh such as fat and blood. It was potent in the hand of its owner as it was believed to help one to be powerful and rich .Through use of law and assimilation of European culture Africans experienced a transformation that played a great role in liberating them from such practices. This helped to uphold human dignity and universal human rights particularly right to life (Karoline, para. 7-14). Modern medicine As many of colonial powers embarked on a political project to control much of the world, diseases were the major obstacles for their expansion particularly in African continent. Tropical diseases such as malaria among others posed great challenge because there was no efficient form of medical treatment that existed in African land before except traditional medicine.   Many African had a belief that disease was as result of witchcraft or evil spirits as opposed to empirical approach in treatment and management of the disease by European countries .This necessitated them to have attachment of medical personnel to commercial marines and putting up of rudimentary hospital facilities at their colonial territories. A good example is development of medical care in Tanzania. Christian missionaries were the first to introduce allopathic medicine in the territory. Eventually the colonial master in Tanzania assumed the responsibility of providing the health care to serve the army garrison that was stationed in the region partly to counter indigenous resistance and also to provide health care to European settlers. In British colonies they promoted establishment of the London and Liverpool schools of medicine where the study of tropical disease such as those found in the region was given the first priority. After World War 1, Tanzania became a British colony and it assumed the control of colonial medical care where it provided medical care at provincial and district administration levels, voluntary services that involved missions and employer-based that catered for the medical needs at plantations, mines and factories. They also implemented preventative measures that were in form of public health programs. This greatly helped to address the health needs of African that never existed before. It is on the basis of these colonial efforts to address tropical diseases which were a threat to their lives helped to see African countries with improved health care and reduced mortality rate from fatal tropical diseases (Baer, Singer and Susser, pp 18-22). Conclusion Colonialism by the Europe countries was considered to be a mission of civilization to the ‘uncivilized societies’ to be able to advance in state of achieving sustainable liberalized institutions and self government. However the legitimacy of colonialism by these European nations has always staged unsettled debate both in political sphere and with moral philosophers all over the world. Colonialism proved to be the only way through which West Europe could peruse their capitalism motives in the third world countries. Even though there have been shortcomings associated with colonial rule there has been an overall positive effect for Africa. Colonial rule brought enlightenment where ignorance did thrive. It helped to suppress barbaric practices such as pagan worship and cannibalism among others. It laid the seeds of the intellectual and material development as seen through infrastructure development, formal education and modern medicine that saved many Africans lives from deadly tropical diseases that were considered to be caused by witchcraft. Also it helped to reduce the economic gap whereby integration of colonies into international capitalist economy ushered in initial stages of globalization.

Biography of Henry Clinton, British General

Biography of Henry Clinton, British General Henry Clinton (April 16, 1730–Dec. 23, 1795) was the Commander of the British North American forces during the American War for Independence. Fast Facts: Henry Clinton Known For: Commander of the British North American forces during the American War for IndependenceBorn: About 1730 in Newfoundland, Canada or Stourton Parva, England.Parents: Admiral George Clinton (1686–1761) and Ann Carle (1696–1767).Died: December 23, 1795 in GibraltarEducation: In New York colony and possibly studied under Samuel SeaburyPublished Works: The American Rebellion: Sir Henry Clintons Narrative of His Campaigns, 1775–1782Spouse: Harriet Carter (m. 1767–1772)Children: Frederick (1767–1774), Augusta Clinton Dawkins (1768–1852), William Henry (1769–1846), Henry (1771–1829), and Harriet (1772) Early Life Henry Clinton was likely born in 1730 to Admiral George Clinton (1686–1761), at the time the Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, and his wife Ann Carle (1696–1767). References are that available post his birth date as 1730 or 1738; English peerage records state the date as April 16, 1730, but list his birth location as Newfoundland and George Clinton did not arrive until 1731. Henry Clinton had at least two sisters who survived to adulthood,  Lucy Mary Clinton Roddam, 1729–1750, and Mary Clinton Willes (1742–1813), and Lucy Mary was born in Stourton Parva, Lincolnshire, England.   Little more than that is known about his childhood: what there is comes primarily from 19th-century brief biographical records and the letters and documents left by Clinton himself. When George Clinton was appointed governor of New York in 1743, the family moved there and it is assumed that Henry was educated in the colony and may have studied under Samuel Seabury (1729–1796), the first American Episcopal bishop. Early Military Career Beginning his military career with the local militia in 1745, Clinton obtained a captains commission the following year and served in the garrison at the recently captured fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island.  Three years later, he traveled back to England with hopes to secure another commission in the British Army. Purchasing a commission as a captain in the Coldstream Guards in 1751, Clinton proved to be a gifted officer. Swiftly moving through the ranks by buying higher commissions, Clinton also benefited from family connections to the Dukes of Newcastle. In 1756, this ambition, along with assistance from his father, saw him gain an appointment to serve as aide-de-camp to Sir John Ligonier. Seven Years War By 1758, Clinton had reached the rank of lieutenant colonel in the 1st Foot Guards (Grenadier Guards). Ordered to Germany during the Seven Years War, he saw action at the Battles of Villinghausen (1761) and  Wilhelmsthal (1762).  Distinguishing himself, Clinton was promoted to colonel effective June 24, 1762, and appointed an aide-de-camp to the armys commander, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick. While serving in Ferdinands camp, he developed a number of acquaintances including future adversaries Charles Lee and William Alexander (Lord Stirling). Later that summer both Ferdinand and Clinton were wounded during the defeat at Nauheim. Recovering, he returned to Britain following the capture of Cassel that November.   With the end of the war in 1763, Clinton found himself head of his family as his father had died two years earlier. Remaining in the army, he endeavored to resolve his fathers affairs- which included collecting an unpaid salary, selling land in the colonies, and clearing a large number of debts. In 1766, Clinton received command of the 12th Regiment of Foot.   In 1767 he married Harriet Carter, the daughter of a wealthy landowner. Settling in Surrey, the couple would have five children (Frederick (1767–1774), Augusta Clinton Dawkins (1768–1852), William Henry (1769–1846), Henry (1771–1829), and Harriet (1772).  On May 25, 1772, Clinton was promoted to major general, and two months later he used family influence to gain a seat in Parliament. These advancements were tempered in August when Harriet died a week after giving birth to their fifth child. After she died, Henrys in-laws moved into his house to raise the children. He apparently acquired a mistress at a later point in his life and had a family with her, but their existence is merely mentioned in Clintons surviving correspondence. The American Revolution Begins Crushed by the loss of wife, Clinton failed to take his seat in Parliament and instead traveled to the Balkans to study the Russian army in 1774. While there, he also viewed several of the battlefields from the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). Returning from the trip, he took his seat in September 1774. With the American Revolution looming in 1775, Clinton was dispatched to Boston aboard HMS Cerberus with Major Generals William Howe and John Burgoyne to provide assistance to Lieutenant General Thomas Gage. Arriving in May, he learned that fighting had begun and that Boston had fallen under siege.  Assessing the situation, Clinton brusquely suggested manning Dorchester Heights but was refused by Gage. Though this request was denied, Gage did make plans for occupying other high ground outside of the city, including Bunker Hill. Failure in the South On June 17, 1775, Clinton took part in the bloody British victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Initially tasked with providing reserves to Howe, he later crossed to Charlestown and worked to rally the dispirited British troops. In October, Howe replaced Gage as commander of British troops in America and Clinton was appointed as his second-in-command with the temporary rank of lieutenant general. The following spring, Howe dispatched Clinton south to assess military opportunities in the Carolinas. While he was away, American troops emplaced guns on Dorchester Heights in Boston, which compelled Howe to evacuate the city. After some delays, Clinton met a fleet under Commodore Sir Peter Parker, and the two resolved to attack Charleston, South Carolina. Landing Clintons troops on Long Island, near Charleston, Parker hoped the infantry could aid in defeating the coastal defenses while he attacked from the sea. Moving forward on June 28, 1776, Clintons men were unable to render assistance as they were halted by swamps and deep channels. Parkers naval attack was repulsed with heavy casualties and both he and Clinton withdrew. Sailing north, they joined Howes main army for the assault on New York. Crossing to Long Island from the camp on Staten Island, Clinton surveyed the American positions in the area and devised the British plans for the upcoming battle. Success in New York Utilizing Clintons ideas, which called for a strike through the Guan Heights via Jamaica Pass, Howe flanked the Americans and led the army to victory at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776. For his contributions, he was formally promoted to lieutenant general and made a Knight of the Order of Bath. As tensions between Howe and Clinton increased due to the latters constant criticism, the former dispatched his subordinate with 6,000 men to capture Newport, Rhode Island in December 1776. Accomplishing this, Clinton requested leave and returned to England in spring 1777. While in London, he lobbied to command a force that would attack south from Canada that summer but was denied in favor of Burgoyne. Returning to New York in June 1777, Clinton was left in command of the city while Howe sailed south to capture Philadelphia. Possessing a garrison of only 7,000 men, Clinton feared attack from General George Washington while Howe was away. This situation was made worse by calls for help from Burgoynes army, which was advancing south from Lake Champlain. Unable to move north in force, Clinton promised to take action to aid Burgoyne. In October he successfully attacked American positions in the Hudson Highlands, capturing Forts Clinton and Montgomery, but was unable to prevent Burgoynes eventual surrender at Saratoga. The British defeat led to the Treaty of Alliance (1778) which saw France enter the war in support of the Americans. On March 21, 1778, Clinton replaced Howe as commander-in-chief after the latter resigned in protest over British war policy. In Command Taking command at Philadelphia, with Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis as his second-in-command, Clinton was immediately weakened by the need to detach 5,000 men for service in the Caribbean against the French. Deciding to abandon Philadelphia to focus on holding New York, Clinton led the army into New Jersey in June. Conducting a strategic retreat, he fought a large battle with Washington at Monmouth on June 28 which resulted in a draw. Safely reaching New York, Clinton began drawing up plans for shifting the focus of the war to the South where he believed Loyalist support would be greater. Dispatching a force late that year, his men succeeded in capturing Savannah, Georgia. After waiting for much of 1779 for reinforcements, Clinton was finally able to move against Charleston in early 1780. Sailing south with 8,700 men and fleet led by Vice Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot, Clinton laid siege to the city on March 29. After a prolonged struggle, the city fell on May 12 and over 5,000 Americans were captured. Though he wished to lead the Southern Campaign in person, Clinton was forced to turn over command to Cornwallis after learning of a French fleet approaching New York. Returning to the city, Clinton attempted to oversee Cornwallis campaign from afar. Rivals who did not care for each other, Clinton and Cornwallis relationship continued to be strained. As time passed, Cornwallis began to operate with increasing independence from his far-away superior. Hemmed in by Washingtons army, Clinton limited his activities to defending New York and launching nuisance raids in the region. In 1781, with Cornwallis under siege at Yorktown, Clinton attempted to organize a relief force. Unfortunately, by the time he departed, Cornwallis had already surrendered to Washington. As a result of Cornwallis defeat, Clinton was replaced by Sir Guy Carleton in March 1782. Death Officially turning command over to Carleton in May, Clinton was made the scapegoat for the British defeat in America. Returning to England, he wrote his memoirs in an attempt to cleanse his reputation and resumed his seat in Parliament until 1784. Re-elected to Parliament in 1790, with assistance from Newcastle, Clinton was promoted to general three years later. The following year he was appointed Governor of Gibraltar, but died in Gibraltar on Dec. 23, 1795, before taking over the post.

New Public Management Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

New Public Management Bachelor - Essay Example There are primarily two views that are discussed here concerning the significance of NPM as a framework, the argument that there is now a global movement that has resulted in transformed structural changes across the international community and that of adaptive changes across individual nation states, each with a degree of variance depending on cultural and historical traditions and values. In discussing this second view this paper concentrates on the debate surrounding the convergence of NPM across the western capitalized states and does not draw on the models that are emerging throughout the developing nations. NPM reforms started out in Anglo-Saxon countries like the UK, US, and New Zealand and its philosophy has been adopted, to varying degrees, across the developed countries. Comparison of the adoption of NPM within the UK and German Public Sector is put forward to illustrate the extent and variation of changes that have occurred and help to illustrate the usefulness of the fram ework in the field of comparative analysis. Over the past two decades there has been a considerable shift towards from the traditional model of public administration towards what has been termed 'new public management'. The supposed failing of the 'traditional administration' has contributed to the emergence and support of the new thinking. Traditional public administration was based around the framework of bureaucracy. Hughes (2003: 1) provides a useful definition of the characteristics of the traditional model of public administration: Firstly, it was completely linked to Weber's theory of bureaucracy, which advocated the principle of hierarchical and bureaucratic systems. Secondly administrators followed a one way, best way approach that was provided in detailed instruction and did not provide any personal responsibility for results. Thirdly the provision of goods and services was through public sector delivery only. Fourthly there was a separation between the political and administrative decisions and practices, and this took away political accountability of the decision makers. Fifthly, there was an implicit agreement that those working in the public sector did so in the public interest resulting in a strong public sector ethos and set of values. Finally public administration was considered to provide a job for life and this itself created a poor image to those who used the services. Whilst there are those who argue that the reason for the change was simply that the old model was not good enough and there were too many inadequacies (Behn, 2001: 30 cited in Hughes 2003: 5) other such as Rhodes (2003) put forward the demonstrable advantages that the use of a bureaucratic framework can bring to service delivery, for example reliability, direct control, predictability and continuity. However the '3Es' of economic, efficiency and effectiveness were introduced as means to making savings in the huge public sector expenditure, to improve the operational working of the public sector and minimize waste and to increase the chances that any policy implementation would be more effective, therefore indicating that there was evidence to suggest that the traditional Weberian framework could not realize these objectives. The introduction of market competition is also in direct contrast to that of traditional

For Reebok Web Site Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

For Reebok Web Site - Essay Example Now web sites are used not only for promotions but for actual sales as well. Companies are giving lot more emphasis on Online Retailing. Branding itself is an investment in letting the people 'know' about the company. A brand is the promise that a company makes to customers combined with the customers' judgment about how well the company can deliver on that promise.2 Business becomes easier when you have a recognisable brand. With a strong brand, the company doesn't have to sell nearly as long or as hard. For example Reebok itself is a renowned brand associated with sports accessories. Mention the name 'Reebok; and millions of people throughout the world have an immediate perception and expectation of what the company stands for. For an International branding name, company's personality requires to be easily identifiable at every customer touch point, from word of mouth to final sale. It is therefore to be made sure that every bit and byte of packaging, presentations, communications, and marketing speaks with a brand-consistent look and voice. Think of Boeing and what comes to mind is the huge aircrafts. Think of Intel and the association is synonymous with microprocessors. In fact, what these brands have done is to become generic in the minds of customers. This involves not just selling products or services but positive buying experiences. A collaborative effort is a must enroute to building a brand. Advertising campaigns duly supported by PR exercises and philanthropic generosity makes a roadmap for branding. For this very reason Reebok relies on sponsoring sporting events, investing in famous sportspersons as brand-ambassadors and helping the environmentalist campaigns, human rights activities etc. The RE EBOK HUMAN RIGHTS AWARD gives recognition and financial support to young activists who have made significant contributions to human rights through non-violent means.3 The mission statement of RHR foundation states, "The Reebok Human Rights Foundation seeks to promote and protect human rights through grantmaking that is motivated by the principles outlined in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Foundation supports initiatives that generate awareness and motivate advocacy, particularly among young people, to defend human rights."4 It is an established fact that sporting equipment are not made at one single factory, but this job is outsourced to different unnamed units worldwide and thereafter the brand name 'Reebok' is put on the finished product. Reebok therefore takes pride in describing their business practices by stating, "Our commitment to human rights extends to the thousands of workers worldwide who make our products. We know that to be proud of the pr oducts we put our name on, we cannot be indifferent to the conditions in which they are made."

Housing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Housing - Essay Example An increasing number of broken and desolate homes because of desertion by a husband and wife are directly traceable in many cases to intolerable housing conditions. The plane of sexual morality is likely to be lower in areas of poor housing. Self respect is broken down slowly due to lack of privacy and indiscriminate intermingling of the sexes increases the tendency to delinquency. A low standard of housing is one of the important factors in the problems arising of child neglect. Most of the wards of social agencies come from areas of poor housing. Moreover, areas of poor housing do not meet their full share of the tax burden. The rate is already low because of the exemptions to dwellings assessed at less $2000 and collections are not as good as in the areas of better. Poor housing and slum conditions are not local problems. They have become national problems and solutions are needed. Factors that lead to poor housing include institutional racism. This is due to ethnic minorities not being able to access owner occupation. Single people may usually have less potential to raise a mortgage or secure a market rent without being dependant on benefits. Likewise, low income households tend to be marginalized into the lower end of the private sector. The homeless frequently require social, educational and welfare support. They are further disadvantaged when placed in temporary accommodation where poor housing standards and community facilities compound their situation. There is a physical shortage of suitable dwellings since the 1980’s and 1990’s which have favored the private sector as a housing provider according to Bruce (1997). The issue arising from too much demand and too little supply of houses has resulted in increased low quality housing. With benefits being paid to landlords regardless of conditions, there is little fiscal incentive for landlords to invest in their properties. Solution to poor housing Deregulation of rents and tenancies has trap ped many tenants within the sector long-term hence making tenants increasingly marginalized from mainstream society. Such issues reinforce the argument that housing regeneration and promoting healthier housing is not just about living accommodation or unemployment. It is also about the complex interrelationship of social exclusion, abandonment of inner-city areas and current lifestyle that make up the bottom end of the private rented sector. The combination effect of these social issues cannot be stressed strongly enough. Housing and health are both key issues. Access to poor housing generally results from disadvantage which frequently results in access to poor housing and therefore poor health. Economic conditions have partly hidden this fact because there has been much doubling up and overcrowding. If people could manage to secure a reasonably full employment, it is projected that more than 25000 residents could secure better dwelling places according to Coakley (2005). In order t o solve this vice, there have been housing programs established to transform living conditions, improving educational facilities to furnish the human kind to live in better conditions. There were also family therapy sessions to create a better understanding among families according to Linesch (2005). However, these have never proceeded on a coordinated basis of development. Housing measures have greatly fluctuated at the whims of legislative bodies. There are efforts by some government bodies that are dedicated to

Proposing Windsor Boys and Girls Group Learning of Dance and Drama :: essays research papers

I am a six form council representative and I proposed an idea, discussed at length and agreed by everyone at the meeting and also by the students that study dance and drama that Windsor boys and Windsor girls should join together to study these lessons. This arrangement would cover a two-year period- AS and A2 level study. It would only apply to these two subjects however it could work well in other subject areas too. I do understand that some concerns will arise but I hope I can overcome any problems that do come up and hopefully I can persuade you in to this arrangement. I have taken this idea to the head of the department in the boy’s school and also the head of the department in our school. Both departments are very supportive of the idea and think that it would be very helpful in making lessons and productions more realistic. This would be a joint project, the drama and dance teachers will be working as a team and each teacher will mark a joint assessment however, each teacher will be responsible for their own pupil. Having thought this arrangement and talking it through with everyone concerned the boy’s school have offered to us the use of their facilities and equipment as they are much superior to ours. We have also decided that as the boy’s school is in walking distance, we would be prepared to walk to the school to complete our lesson, we would be in groups so it would be safe and also the dance and drama teachers would accompany us in order to reduce cost and facilities. Both schools are prepared to co operate with this p roject. We are also strong willed about scheduling to leave our school in our lunch time and start walking to the boy’s school in order for us to be able to arrive at the correct time so we will be able to begin and finish our lesson on time without having to over run or to make up for lost time because of lateness. Everyone concerned in this idea agrees that this would be a fantastic opportunity as the outcome consists of many advantages. Joining both schools’ together and having mixed gender lessons would mean that the productions and lessons would be more realistic, it would improve the performance to a high standard as everyone would be playing realistic and right roles.

Lower Drinking Age

Today we live in a country that prides itself on being free, although there are a number of people that feel they do not have as much freedom as they deserve, such as the freedom to drink at a younger age. The legal drinking age should be lowered to the age of 18, where in the eyes of the law you are seen as an adult. Many different opinions are opened as the subject of lowering the legal drinking age is brought up. For most, if not all, teenagers in high school a situation that has to do with consuming alcohol has been put in front of them.A lot of the time this type of situation leads to illegally drinking underage. At this point these minors know that what they are doing and that it is completely illegal. When knowing they cannot drink all the time and have an opportunity to they take the drinking up to the next level. This is when the paths of social drinkers and binge drinkers cross and can become very dangerous. When someone drinks too much other people around them realize and don’t want to be in trouble for underage drinking so they tend to leave that person so they don’t get hit by the consequences.That situation is exactly the reason there are so many deaths in result from underage drinking. People may fight for a lowered drinking age for that exact reason. This side of reasoning makes people want the drinking age lowered because teens won’t be scared to get in trouble when trying to get help for a friend or just a fellow partier. There are also many other reasons why the legal drinking age should be lower. Many people say a teen is not responsible enough to drink alcohol so they shouldn’t be allowed to.This argument gets completely erased with the fact that 18 year olds have the ability to serve in the military and can even vote for the countries leader. These two facts alone show that they are responsible enough to make their own decisions as to what the can and want to do. As the responsibility factor gets pushed to the s ide it is then said that someone that is 18 does not have the tolerance as someone that is 21 does. This fact is proven completely false because tolerance has nothing to do with your age.The best way that people gain tolerance is by experience so the more experience you have with something the more tolerance you have. If you start your experience at a younger age while you still have a watchful eye over you such as parents and guardians you may be less likely to mess up because you want to prove to them that you have the ability to live in the real world. With no one watching over you while beginning a new experience you are more likely to make a mistake and pay for it.With more supervision the number of alcohol related problems, as serious as deaths, will decrease. This is proven in other places around the world such as Italy, China and even Greece. In these places the legal drinking age is lower and so is the amount of alcohol related incidents. This fight is not only pushed by th e population of underage drinkers but also by the main places this crime is done, Colleges and Universities. Many presidents from major colleges want the age lowered because the current laws encourage dangerous binge drinking on campus.â€Å"This is a law that is routinely evaded,† said John McCardell, former president of Middlebury College in Vermont. â€Å"It is a law that the people at whom it is directed believe is unjust and unfair and discriminatory. † With a legal drinking age under 21 the regulation of alcohol in colleges and universities will be around. This will help them make sure that less students are getting overly intoxicated. As the colleges and universities keep the number of intoxicated students down with their supervision they also keep the possibility of injuries and deaths down as well.There are also many opinions that are on the side of keeping the legal drinking age at 21 years of age. One of the major and to some the only valid reason for states to keep the legal drinking age at 21 is the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. This act was put into place in 1984. â€Å"The 1984 National Minimum Drinking Age Act, [23 U. S. C.  § 158], requires that States prohibit persons under 21 years of age from purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages as a condition of receiving State highway funds.A Federal regulation that interprets the Act excludes from the definition of â€Å"public possession,† possession â€Å"for an established religious purpose; when accompanied by a parent, spouse or legal guardian age 21 or older; for medical purposes when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital or medical institution; in private clubs or establishments; or to the sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful employment of a person under the age of twenty-one years by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of a lcoholic beverages†, [23 C.F. R.  § 1208. 3]. †This act helped keeping the legal drinking age in all states at 21 by imposing a penalty if the age were to drop under 21. This penalty states that 10 percent of a state’s federal highway appropriation on any state setting its drinking age lower than 21 will be taken away. That is a lot of money needed by states to keep their roads in the best shape that they can for us driving on them. Another reason to keep alcohol illegal for minors is because of its association with destructive or violent behavior.These behaviors range through a variety of offenses from fighting to robbery to drunk driving. All of which have the ability to hurt or even kill someone without the intent to when first making these decisions. The legal drinking age will always be an ongoing debate in our country. This will be whether the age is lowered, kept the same or even a possibility of rising. People of all ages and backgrounds will fight for t heir honest opinion with this argument.

Buddhism and Hinduism Worldview Essay - 620 Words

Critical Thinking Assignment I. Part One: Hinduism The Question of Origin is answered by the Hinduism Worldview as â€Å"everything has always been in existence and is a part of god† (Weider Gutierrez, 2011). A part of the worldview is that the universe and god is one in the same thing. Hinduism believes that itself has always existed, that it did not have a creator. God is viewed as an infinite, impersonal force (Weider Gutierrez, 2011). The Question of Identity is answered by the Hinduism Worldview as everything is spiritual or sacred in life. Its also believed that mans soul is eternal and when she or he reaches a state of Nirvana, their soul(Atman) will become one with Brahman(Hinduisms concept of eternal†¦show more content†¦Christians view is that everything that exists, including humans, is a result of God, the Creator God (Weider Gutierrez, 2011) . Hindus believe that â€Å"everything has always been in existence and is a part of god† (Weider Gutierrez, 2011). Basically, its G od created everything versus everything has just been. The Question of Identity is also answered differently in both worldviews. The Christian Worldview believes that mankind is a special creation of God (Weider Gutierrez, 2011) . Hinduism worldview on the other hand believes that the mans soul has no beginning, that it is an eternal force in a physical body. The Question of meaning or purpose is answered in two opposing views. The Christian Worldview believes that Christianity is about relationship with God and not simply following the tenants of a religion (Weider Gutierrez, 2011). While the Hinduism Worldview sees everything around us is an illusion, and that you have to have good karma to get out of the same lifecycle. The Question of Morality is answered in the Christians Worldview as Right or wrong are not relative to mans perspective, but are based upon Gods holy standard (Weider Gutierrez, 2011) . In contrast, the Hinduism Worldview believes that morality and ethics(in a practical sense) are how one should act toward itself (Weider Gutierrez, 2011). The Question of Destiny is answering the question what happens after death. ChristiansShow MoreRelatedThe Religious Traditions Of The East Are All Older Than Western Religions1743 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent than in the west. The four major religious traditions in the East are all older than western religions. Each religious tradition can be examined for common concepts and differences. 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